The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and African bichir (Polypterus senegalus) are both actinopterygian fish species that continuously replace their teeth without the involvement of a successional dental lamina.Instead, they share the presence of a middle dental epithelium: an epithelial tier enclosed by inner and outer dental epithelium.It has been h
When the issue of animal welfare is under consideration, two opposing views have recently been in contrast with each other: 1) The first can be expressed with a quote from Mahatma Gandhi (cited by Appleby and Hughes, 1997): The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.Similar, but more direct, is
Abstract Background Extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws give municipal police officers new authority, through a civil restraining order, to remove firearms from people who are deemed to pose an imminent risk of causing serious harm to others or themselves.Despite the expected public safety benefit of ERPOs, it is possible that implicit racial
Motor sequences can be learned using an incremental approach by starting with a few elements and then adding more as training evolves (e.g., learning a piano piece); conversely, one can use a global approach and practice the whole sequence in every training session (e.g., shifting gears in an automobile).Yet, the neural correlates associated with s